Category: DNA General

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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 9: Chromosome 6

I had tried to solve Chromsome 6 previously, but had problems. Since then, I have solved Chromosome 7 and 8 for my 5 siblings and myself. I tried being more analytical in listing all the changes in problem areas for crossovers. I hope that using that same technique for Chromosome 6 will solve this Chromosome.

My Previous Problems with Chromosome 6

Here were some of the problems I had at the right side of Chromosome 6:

The problem areas where the Segment Map didn’t match the sibling comparisons were circled.

This was the map I had done previously:

There were a lot of confusing crossovers.

Looking at the Major Crossover Bunch-up

I need to look at this area in more detail:

Here is my spreadsheet of that area within the box below:

I previously didn’t have the Heidi Crossover on my spreadsheet, so I added her.

A More Detailed Approach

For example, in the first sibling comparison of Jim (V) and Jon (F), I can see this in the full resolution Gedmatch comparison:

I record those changes in my spreadsheet here:

I continued on with the positions and sorted the positions to get htis:

These results were not as conclusive as I had hoped. Sharon’s first crossover appears to be in two different or three different places. JIm (V) has a clear crossover. Jon (F) probably has two crossovers. I don’t see any obvious indication of a crossover for Heidi.

Help from Rathfelder Cousin Inese

I’ll look for help from Inese:

Based on matches with Jim and Sharon, these matches seem to indicate that Jim has a crossover at 35.1 and Sharon at 35.6. Those matches give me something like this:

Jon’s Hartley Match with Maury in the Jungle of Crossovers

This shows where Jon’s paternal crossover is. That means his next close crossover should be a maternal one.

A Lentz Cousin Clue

Here Jon’s Lentz DNA continues on, so that makes me think I got his Maternal crossover right. These matches don’t line up well and there is a space in the middle of the matches for some reason. These matches with Joan line up a little better at Gedmatch:

This appears to show three of Lori’s crossovers. She goes from Lentz to Rathfelder at 25.2 and from Rathfelder back to Lentz at the next L and then back to Rathfelder at 56.3M. This also shows Jim and Sharon’s maternal crossovers again at 40.38 and 40.43M. Those are close crossovers.

Trying to Get the Left Side Right

Using more cousins, crossovers and sibling comparisons, I got this for the left side of Chromosome 6:

I need to check this as I’m skeptical:

Here the comparison looks better than I thought it would. The lowest rectangle may not be a discrepancy. Gedmatch is reading that area on the S&L Row as an NIR and it is probably an HIR. The S&H discrepancy is a matter of alignment as I had the HIR to FIR change at 35.2M. This would correspond with Sharon’s Crossover. I think that the top rectangle is also a matter of alignment. I have the V crossover at 34.5 which is the first crossover in the bunch. However, the image shows the V&D change from HIR to FIR to be on the right of the bunch of crossovers. My detailed analysis of the crossover positions has given me confidence to override what my eyes see above.

Another Bunch of Crossovers

The next bunch of crossovers is here:

I want to look up the full resolution locations for all the changes above. The last change is a double change as it goes from NIR to HIR to FIR.

A Detailed Analysis of the Second Bunch of Crossovers

 

I looked up all the changes in the above area and sorted by position:

Previously, I had five crossovers. Now I have either three or four. I need to take out Jon and Sharon and add in Heidi. The first position is for the double crossover that I had mentioned above.

Here is the simplified crossover bunch of H/L/D:

I moved Jim, Sharon and Lori to the right through that crossover bunch as they are not involved in those crossovers. Then based on the sibling comparisons above, I filled in the D-H section:

Now I can see where the crossovers will be for Heidi, Lori and Joel (D):

Next, I can assume my old crossovers are right or do the detailed analysis. I ventured out to the right without looking up all the position numbers:

Segment Map Check

If the Segment Map matches the sibling comparisons, that means that my map is right:

This comparison shows my map went off at the V crossover on the right. I’ll go back and do the detailed analysis that has worked so well so far. I don’t feel so sure about the last three crossovers either, so I’ll include those. For example, in the V&L comparison, I see this at the end of the Chromosome when I lower the thresholds:

This shows a change from NIR to an HIR at the right. This doesn’t show unless I lower Gedmatch thresholds.

Detailed Analysis of the Right Hand Side of Chromosome 6

I feel that I can conquer this Chromosome. My detailed analysis takes a while, but it seems to be getting results:

Above is what I had before. I had a Jim (V) crossover at 152.5. Then I had others but wasn’t sure of the positions. Below are the position numbers I looked for each of the sibling comparisons. Next I sort those by position and the answer should be clear:

Compared to original analysis, I need to take out the first Jon (F) and add a Sharon at 155.5. The analysis confirmed a crossover for Jon at the end of the Chromosome.

I erased the right hand side starting with the new Heidi crossover and moved the DNA segments to the right to their correct crossovers:

I filled in the blanks by looking at the sibling comparisons. I’m hopeful that this is the right answer and have merged the segments:

I don’t see any obvious mistakes in the Segment Map:

Summary and Conclusions

  • I recommend charting every change in DNA for sibling comparisons for difficult crossover areas. Then sort by position number and it should show who has each crossover and where it is.
  • The above method is a little time-consuming but easier than trial and error.
  • My above map is missing some Rathfelder DNA, but my mother is tested and should be able to fill that in. All other three grandparents are covered by the six siblings’ DNA.
  • My sister Sharon and I are opposites on the paternal Chromosome. I have all Frazer DNA and Sharon has all Hartley DNA. This knowledge could be helpful when looking at unknown matches.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 8: Chromosome 8

First, I’ll take a rough cut at setting the crossovers for Chromosome 8. Things went fairly smoothly until I got to the last S Crossover:

At F&L and H&L, we go from an HIR to an NIR (Non-Identical Region). My guess is that Lori has a double crossover in this area. This may be where a spreadsheet of crossovers could help. This is as far as I got:

For the boxed area above, I want to create an even more detailed spreadsheet of all the changes. Some of the positions, I can get off the above image:

The first column has the initials of the two comparisons. The second column has the position of the changes from HIR, FIR, or NIR. The third column is who I think the crossover goes to. In blue, DH and HL are both at 104. These both have H in them, so it appears that the crossover could go to Heidi. Above, VL and FL both are at 103.1 and have L’s, so it appears to be a Lori crossover, but there is a change in the FD comparison at 103, so I want more information before I decide. To fill in the other positions, I need to look at the full resolution comparisons at Gedmatch. The first is Jim and Jon (VF).

Each ^ is one M, so this is at position 103M.

To me, it looked like there were two changes in the Jon and Sharon FS comparison:

The first is at 101.5M and the second at 103M. That means that Jon (F) may have a crossover at 103M.

I also see two changes between F and H:

They are at 103M and about 103.8M.

Here is the change from FIR to HIR to NIR between F and L:

 

Again, I see 103M and about 103.2M.

Here is DL (Joel and Lori compared):

This change is just past 103M, so I’ll call it 103.1M to distinguish it from all the other 103 changes.

For Sharon and Heidi, it is a little difficult to read the changes:

It looks like the first change is at 100.5M, but it is actually at 101.4 as there is a quick ^ after the 100M mark. That means I have to change the other 100.5’s on my spreadsheet to 101.4’s.

I double checked all the positions and sorted the results by positions. That gave me this:

This gives me confidence that I have crossovers S, F, L and H – in that order. I had mentioned the possibility of a double crossover for Lori, but I’ll add that later if needed. That was a bit of work, but it gives me some confidence in who has what crossover and where. Here are the crossovers I get:

Hartley Side Cousin Joyce

Cousin Joyce’s matches line up with the crossovers that I had. However, the match numbers suggest that the S and H crossovers are in the wrong order for Sharon and Heidi. I suppose to know for sure, I need to look up more full resolution comparisons:

Unfortunately, the results are less than conclusive. However, I would say that the H should be before the S. This is based on matches with Joyce and most of the comparisons above. I’ll say that Heidi is at 11.3 and Sharon is at 11.5. Here is what I finally fill in from Joyce’s match:

I made some assumptions that there would be Frazer DNA where there was not a Hartley DNA match.

More Hartley Cousins: Maury and James

Here I see a crossover for Jon in the Cousin James matches. I also see that my (Joel’s) Hartley DNA carries through the middle of the Chromosome.

The Frazer DNA probably carries to the middle of the Chromosome for my siblings, but I have not added that DNA in yet.

Lentz Cousin Carolyn

Carolyn gives me some maternal Lentz DNA on the right hand side of Chromosome 8:

Again, I filled in Rathfelder for those who did not match on Lentz.

 

Lentz Cousin Linda

Linda adds some green to the middle of the Chromosome:

Jon Matches Two Rathfelder Cousins

Both cousins match Jon in the same place so I only show Cousin Catherine:

Checking the Segment Map

This is the non-controversial middle part of the Chromosome, so I would suspect that I would have agreement between the Segment Map and the Gedmatch Sibling comparisons:

Working to the Left of the Chromosome

Getting Through Four Crossovers in a Row

Assuming my four crossovers were right:

I see only one obvious mistake:

The F&H Line is off starting at the H (Heidi) Crossover. Also the S&H comparison line is off. And they are off by quite a bit. They should be FIRs and they are NIRs. Heidi should have the same DNA as Jon (F) and Sharon, but I show her have the opposite DNA on the paternal and maternal sides.

It occurs to me that Heidi’s  Paternal Crossover should be a Maternal Crossover.

If I make that change, then Heidi would match Jon and Sharon:

The Final Answer for Chromosome 8?

I don’t see any obvious errors:

Summary and Conclusions

  • My mother didn’t pass down some of her Rathfelder DNA to any of her six siblings, so we will have to depend on her DNA results for those areas.
  • I looked up full resolution positions for changes between sibling comparisons in areas where there were multiple crossovers or close crossovers. This helped resolved problems.
  • I hope to use this technique to solve my problem Chromosome 6
  • I found out that changing one crossover from paternal to maternal could be the difference between an FIR and NIR comparison between two siblings.

 

 

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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 7: Chromosome 7

Previously, I was working on Chromosome 6, but it was too much of a headache, so I’m skipping that chromosome for a while and starting with a fresh Chromosome: 7. I do have partial sibling results based on the raw data for Chromosome 6, but that seems like cheating.

Adding Crossovers

Some people call these by a different name. They are the vertical lines that need to be assigned to a sibling to show where they have a change in their inherited DNA.

I try not to spend too much time on these initially as they may change.

Lentz Cousin Carolyn

Carolyn is a maternal cousin match on my Lentz side:

By Carolyn’s matches, it looks like I have Jim’s (V) crossover right, but that my Joel (D) crossover should be a Jon (F) crossover. As I look back, I see I made a mistake:

Based on the matches with Carolyn, I came up with this maternal configuration at the start of Chromosome 7:

My Frazer Cousin Susan

Susan shows I was on the right track with Lori’s crossover here:

Here is how I map the matches with Susan:

I don’t want to imply too much with Sharon yet as she has a crossover in this area.

Hartley Cousin Maury

Maury will help map Hartley onto the middle of the Chromosome for 5 siblings:

Hartley Cousin James

Here James’ match with Jim (V) stops at 147.3. I need to add a crossover for Jim (V) there. I’m going to change the L I had there to a V. The start of the match for Joel appears to affirm the crossover I had there.

I also added another D crossover about 1/3 of the way from the beginning of the Chromosome.

Rathfelder Cousin Catherine

This tells me Jim (V) needs another crossover:

Jim’s match with Catherine ends at 72.7M and the others end at 75M. Also my match with Catherine is off of the other matches and probably indicates a maternal crossover for me:

Cousin Beth to Fill in More Hartley

The first L Crossover will be paternal going from Hartley to Frazer. Sharon will also have a Hartley to Frazer crossover at the corresponding S above (123,5M).

The Segment Map

Before things get too far out of hand, it is a good idea to check the Segment Map:

This shows that I am on track as far as I have gone. At this point, I would like to fill in the missing segments using the Gedmatch comparisons:

In the F-V Segment, Sharon and Heidi have an FIR, so I filled in Rathfelder for Heidi there. However, Heidi needs another crossover to go from Rathfelder to Lentz going from right to left.

That crossover is at 36.5M:

Heidi’s crossover looks to be between D and V. Here I did some extending:

However, I ran into a problem with Lori as it looks like she has a double crossover, but I don’t think she should.

More Segment Map Checking

Here, I’ve circled a few problem areas. At least they are only in one section of the Map.

Here is one problem:

Heidi and Lori have a FIR in green. Going from that FIR to the left is an HIR. In order for that to happen, either H or L should have a crossover and there is no H or L crossover there. I think the D crossover above should be an L.

This looks better. However, now I see another problem I didn’t see before:

This is an area that has Jim in common (V). I see that a V crossover is needed for Jim around here:

When I add this crossover, the Chromosome is solved. At least the right hand side:

The Gedmatch comparisons and the Segment Map match each other:

Here is the completed Chromosome:

I was unable to use the Merge function as I added some columns to the left. This shows that I (Joel) have the Frazer DNA near the middle of the Chromosome and the other five siblings do not. Lori carries Lentz DNA in some places where the other five siblings carry Rathfelder DNA. There is coverage of all four grandparents in each section of the Chromosome.

Summary and Conclusions

  • I moved on to Chromosome 7 after having trouble with Chromosome 6
  • I was able to find missing or mis-attributed crossovers by comparing the Segment Map to the Gedmatch sibling comparisons.
  • I am fortunate to have many Hartley side relatives who have tested. This made the work go more easily,
  • I am still keeping a list of crossovers with their positions. I am highlighting the rock solid crossovers as the landmark ones that I am really sure of. This helps get the positions right when there are many close crossovers.

 

 

 

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A Large MyHeritage DNA Match That is Small at AncestryDNA

I recently had a match at MyHeritage that was of pretty good size.

My DNA Match with Kathleen

Kathleen is from Australia. That is good news for me. My father has Hartley and Frazer ancestors. Hartley’s have ancestors from Colonial Massachusetts and more recently from Lancashire, England. If I match on the Hartley side with someone from Australia, that most likely will filter out the Colonial Massachusetts ancestors on my Hartley side and focus on the Lancashire side.

Here is what my DNA match with Kathleen looks like at MyHeritage:

Kathleen at AncestryDNA

This is how Kathleen and I match at AncestryDNA:

This is quite a difference. Kathleen has gone from 57.2 cM at MyHeritage to 8.2 cM at AncestryDNA. Which one is right?

I tend to like the AncestryDNA estimates. They use a process that strips away some of the DNA matches that they consider less than significant.

Kathleen at Gedmatch

Gedmatch has a DNA matching number in the middle of AncestryDNA and MyHeritage:

However, a common ancestor of 4.6 generations would be an estimated third cousin once removed, similar to the MyHeritage estimate. I think that AncestryDNA’s estimate of 5th to 8th cousin is more accurate.

Where is the Common Ancestor for Kathleen and Me?

Here is one of Kathleen’s ancestors,  Emma Walker born 1806 from Haslingdon in orange:

I have an ancestor from Goodshaw to the NE of Haslingdon who was Edmund Emmet, born in 1759. These places were fairly close. If Edmund Emmet was our common ancestor, that would be on the order of 5th cousins. I am thinking that the common ancestor would likely be at least another generation out – on the order of 6th cousins. Of course, we don’t know all our ancestors, so there are other possibilities. This is just one of the more likely possibilities.

Other Considerations

Kathleen and I have these common matches according to Gedmatch:

Numbers 4-6 include my father’s cousin and his two daughters. Some others have UK or NZ emails. #1 is Kathleen matching with me. The fact that I have my father’s cousin in this comparison insures that my match with Kathleen is along my Hartley grandparent line.

Summary and Conclusions

  • I have found from experience that the AncestryDNA estimates as to relationships based on DNA matching is fairly accurate.
  • MyHeritage uses some matches under Gedmatch’s threshold of 7 cM making their overall DNA match quite high.
  • When there is what looks to be a significant DNA match, but a difficult genealogical connection, I like to keep in mind that the relationship could be further out than it seems. This is the lesson in this case where we can compare AncestryDNA, MyHeritage and Gedmatch. However, we don’t always have the luxury of having these three comparisons.

 

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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 6: Chromosome 5

I’ll jump into Chromosome 5. Using the Fox Spreadsheet, I’ll make some potential crossover lines, assign them to people and put the crossover positions into a spreadsheet. As I start to do this, I see an issue already. It looks like I have a crossover near the very beginning of the Chromosome. I can find the position of the crossover by comparing myself with my sister Sharon at a low resolution:

My crossover with Sharon is at position 1.2M:

Here is my first try at assigning crossovers:

I had a bit of trouble figuring out the two crossovers in red:

In my spreadsheet, I called the trouble crossovers F/S and D/H.

Time to Look at Cousin Matches

This is one of my favorite parts of the process. I’ll start with two Hartley cousins. These will show some paternal crossovers:

Actually, they show the same crossover twice for Sharon at either 35.1 or 34.7. This solves the mystery of the first unknown crossover. It belongs to Sharon. I’ll show that on my spreadsheet:

I could tell that that crossover was Sharon’s first crossover as the one in question was at position 35M. Sharon’s next crossover that I had identified was at 39.5M.

Next, I’ll add all the cousin matches to the Chromosome Map:

Adding Maternal Matches

Next I’ll add maternal matches to see how I compare with the Segment Map. Cousin Carolyn on the Lentz side has some good matches:

I can see a maternal crossover for me (Joel) and one for Heidi. Here is a conservative rendition of Carolyn’s Lentz matches:

 

Catherine’s Cousin Matches and Two Inferred Crossovers

Here is how Joel, Sharon and Lori match Catherine on our Rathfelder side. Lori has a match to the left of where Joel and Sharon match Catherine. That implies crossovers for Joel and Sharon. Because there is no overlap between the match and the crossovers, I can’t exactly see the crossovers. However, I do know that both crossovers for Sharon and Joel are on the maternal side which is a big help.

Lori would need two crossovers to go from Rathfelder to Lentz and back to Ratchfelder and I only show one. I’ll assume that the one crossover for Lori on the right hand side of the Chromosome is right for Lori and say that belongs to her paternal side.

Check Your Work

This must be a saying I learned from High School. I have this:

Gedmatch has this:

That is a problem. I’ll add a Frazer match for Jim and then take another look:

The places I circled are D &S and D & L comparisons. The common denominator is me, Joel (D). I’ll fix that by just erasing my segments on the right side of the Chromosome.

Next, I work from the middle of the Chromosome where the DNA agrees with Gedmatch and work to the right:

This is the section to the right of the crossover that I haven’t put a name to yet. I didn’t have some information for Heidi also, so I didn’t fill her in. This looks to check with the segment map:

Next, I’ll fill in Heidi and Joel using the Gemdatch comparisons.

This points out the problem. I need another crossover near Lori’s last crossover. This crossover can be seen here:

The crossover is at the third line – currently for Lori. As I am D, this is clearly a Joel (D) crossover as there is a D in these three comparisons. In order to find the position of my crossover, I have to look at a full resolution image at Gedmatch. I’ll pick my match with Sharon and look around Lori’s crossover which is at 167.5M.

The left side of the bar is at 160M. Each ^ is one M. I’ll say the FIR ends at 167.3 which is right before Lori’s crossover at 167.5. Here is my list of crossovers:

The comparison for the right side should work as I used Gedmatch to produce the map:

Problem solved – for the right side of the Chromosome.

I’ll use the same principle for the left hand side. The unnamed crossover is based on the comparison between Joel and Heidi. I’ll fill in the other four siblings and then fill in Joel and Heidi based on the other four and see what happens.

Here, Heidi does not need a crossover, but I need a maternal one to go from purple to green. Here is my pre-fact checked answer:

The Moment of Truth

This is like comparing your test results to the answer sheet on the right:

Summary and Conclusions

  • I find it helps to work from the known to the unknown. To fix discrepancies, I identify where and who the discrepancy belongs to. I erase those results. I fill in other siblings around the discrepancy. This usually corrects the problem.
  • My brother Jim filled in a lot of missing Frazer DNA. This could be important for Frazer matching.
  • This is the first Chromosome with some missing grandparent DNA. There is a small segment of Rathfelder DNA missing between crossovers H and L or between 55.4 and 61.5M. Fortunately, my mother has been DNA tested, so it isn’t really missing. It was just not passed down to any of her six children.
  • The run of full non-recombinied grandparents continues. This time Jon has a full Hartley paternal Chromosome. Jim has a full Frazer paternal Chromosome. I have heard that males have fewer crossovers than females. This seems to confirm that.
  • My crossover position spreadsheet still comes in handy – especially for the crossovers that are close to each other.
  • I used the Gedmatch full resolution chromosome browser to find one close crossover and one crossover very near the beginning of the Chromosome.
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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 5A: Chromosome 4

I’m working on Visually Phasing myself and my five siblings. In my previous Blog, I took Chromosome 20 out of order. Now I am back on track.

Setting the Boundaries for Chromosome 4

First I look for crossovers and try to assign a person to the crossover.

I do the best I can, but will likely need some adjustments as I go along. For this Chromosome, I made a chart to keep track of the crossovers:

Here I had problems at positions 21.4 and 40.

Both these problem areas were in the comparison between Jim (V) and Lori. It didn’t seem like the ends of their first two matches lined up with changes in the other sibling comparisons. Undaunted, I shall continue. If I do everything else right, this will sort itself out.

Adding Cousin Matches

As I look down the cousin matches that I have in the Fox Spreadsheet, I see that I only have Hartley matches on the paternal side. I don’t see any maternal side matches. I can speed things up by looking at three Hartley cousin matches at once:

I have circled crossovers for (left to right) Joel, Jim, Heidi, Jim and Lori. The first crossover for Jim erases a question mark I had. I can see Jim’s crossover now zig zagging accross the ? Line:

Jim’s crossover as shown by match with Hartley cousin Maury is interesting:

This shows that I need another crossover for Jim (V) or my Joel (D) crossover is wrong. Jim’s crossover is at 114.3M. I had my Joel crossover at 114.6M. I’ll say that they are separate crossovers. That means I solved a problem I knew I had and solved one I didn’t know I had. That leaves one other known problem.

Adding Paternal DNA to Chromosome 4

Based on the three Hartley cousin matches above, I get this:

I would put in Frazer to either side of the Hartley crossovers and above and below the orange segments.

In Need of Maternal Cousin Matches

Seven out of seventeen of the cousin matches that I brought into the Fox spreadsheet are maternal. Time to search for more. I searched around on my mom’s one to many list at Gedmatch and found one match with Lentz cousin Joshua:

Chances are my mom sent down some of this Lentz DNA to at least one of her six children:

My mom’s segment only made it down to Heidi.

Add Joshua to the Fox Spreadsheet

Joshua is helpful, so I’ll add him to the Fox Spreadsheet. I went to the first tab and typed in his information at the bottom of the CousinTable:

Note that there is no box to the left of Joshua which means that he has not been incorporated into the Fox Spreadsheet yet. Under the Action drop-down menu, there is a place for Add which I assume is appropriate. The leads me to type in my Gedmatch password. This opens Internet Explorer and compares Joshua to me and my six siblings automatically. Joshua may be a help for other chromosomes, but he is critical for Chromosome 4.

I had missed a Jim (V) crossover near the beginning of this Joshua match, so I added that in. Then I added Joshua’s Lentz shared DNA on Heidi’s maternal Chromosome 4 segment. Next, I filled in some Rathfelder DNA:

  • Jim did not have his first crossover above on the paternal side, so it must be on the maternal side
  • Jim’s second crossover was on the paternal side so the maternal purple Rathfelder will carry through there.
  • I didn’t carry the Rathfelder to the right on my maternal chromosome as I have a crossover there.

I’ll make other similar assumptions:

Thanks to one little match between Joshua and Heidi, I have the middle of Chromosome 4 mapped. I stopped extending to the left as I have a question mark there.

Checking the Segment Map

Before I go on, I’d like to know if this part is right:

Here I have the images reversed. The left side represents the mapping I did. I want it to match the right side. The Gedmatch comparisons are on the right. The two sides look to match.

Chromosome 4 Right Side

I’ll continue on to the right, as I have no question mark on that side:

Jim, Heidi and Lori had no crossovers to the right, so I continued their segments to the right unchanged. Sharon and Heidi have a FIR. That means I can copy Heidi’s DNA to Sharon’s. That puts Sharon’s crossover on the paternal side. I have three crossovers.

I finished Sharon’s right hand side. She had another crossover before the end. After that she had an FIR with Lori which put Sharon’s last crossover on her maternal side.

I have FIRs with Heidi and Sharon in my first unmapped segment. That puts my first crossover on my maternal side:

I am opposite of Heidi on the right:

For the last segment, I match my brother Jim (V):

So close:

At this point, I would like to work the left side back to the question mark. I will also stay away from Lori and Jim as that is where the issue of the question mark was:

Progress Check

This tells me I am on the right track:

I’ll fill in from the left to right:

This is interesting as the top row shows that Jim needs another crossover. It also appears that there will be a Jim maternal crossover where the question mark is. Lori already has a crossover to get her from Lentz to Rathfelder.

Adding JIm’s First Crossover

Jim’s first crossover is at 6.4M which is right after Sharon’s at 6M:

This gets us to a small segment for Lori at the beginning. However, I note that Heidi and Lori don’t match in the Gedmatch comparison. That puts Lori’s first crossover on her paternal side. I’m hoping this fully filled out Chromosome 20 will be the right answer:

The Final Fact-Checker

It’s difficult to see every tiny comparison at once, but this looks overall OK.

Summary and Conclusions

  • The maternal part of this map would not have been possible without one match between Heidi and Joshua. He is my 2nd cousin twice removed. I would have had to have put in just maternal grandparents one and two.
  • So far every chromosome has had one sibling  who has inherited a a full the length of the chromosome from one grandparent. These are cases where recombination does not take place. On this Chromosome, Jon has all Frazer on his paternal side. He appears to have the record for non-recombined Frazer DNA.
  • I tried to work the areas that I was more sure of first and then the unsure areas solved themselves with the good areas that were confirmed by the Segment Map from the Fox Spreadsheet.
  • I used a spreadsheet of crossover positions for each sibling to keep these straight and in the correct order.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 5 – Taking Chromosome 20 Out of Order

I’m taking Chromosome 20 out of order. This one has been a problem Chromosome in the past in that I have had so many matches. And they have all seemed to triangulate. Blaine Bettinger had a recent poll on Facebook on how many new matches people had at Gedmatch. I had 41, but my largest new match was on Chromosome 20. My previous free-hand mapping showed this:

However, my match spreadsheet seemed indicate I had Hartley DNA at the start of my Chromosome where the new match was:

Putting the Fox Spreadsheet to Work

I start with a blank slate on the Chromosome 20 tab and quickly go to the ‘all cousins’ option at the bottom left. I like this option as I can go from the known to the unknown. I’ll start with the first Hartley cousin on my list – Joyce. This view will immediately point out crossovers for five siblings:

From this, it already appears that I either have no Hartley DNA at the beginning of the Chromosome or very little. Certainly not between 2 and 10M where Jon has Hartley DNA. I have circled crossovers for all siblings except for Lori. Based on my old mapping, Lori had all Frazer DNA on her paternal side of Chromosome 20.

Setting the Crossover Lines

I forgot to do this first. I made some lines, though I may have missed a few and they didn’t all line up perfectly:

Above, I put in orange Hartley above for Joyce’s Hartley matches in blue on the lower half of the image. Then on the other side of the Hartley crossovers, I put in Frazer as that is the only choice on the paternal side. Above and below where there was no Hartley match, I also put in Frazer. I’ve mapped quite a bit of the paternal side already. However, some quality control will be needed.

Maternal Lentz Cousin Carolyn Mapped

Carolyn’s match ends at 56.2M. Jon’s crossover is at about the same place, so I shouldn’t go past that crossover. I’ll add in Rathfelder above and below where there are no Lentz matches:

Next, I’ll carry some of these matches to the left and right based on the crossovers that I have:

Here I have a problem already. Lori is on the bottom row above. She shows a crossover, but no changes in her maternal or paternal side DNA.

Quality Check with the Segment Map

This shows I am off:

I went back and erased the extra maternal DNA I mapped. Then I focused on the sections from V to F:

Obviously the comparisons with Lori (L) in them were wrong. Next, I compared Lori with Joyce and Carolyn at Gedmatch and got this match with Carolyn:

This second match is right at Lori’s crossover: 53.7M. I take that to be more than a coincidence:

This solves the problem at Lori’s crossover.

Next, I’ll extend all siblings over to the right except for Jim and Jon – as they have crossovers to the right:

A glance at the segment map compared to the Gedmatch comparisons seems to show I am on the right track. Then I filled in JIm and Jon based on the Gedmatch comparisons:

Here is the check. It shows that the right side of Chromosome 20 was mapped correctly.

Finishing the Left Hand Side of Chromosome 20

The above represents the right hand side of Chromsome 20 for the six siblings. Next, I can either go with the Gedmatch comparisons or look at more cousin matches. I’ll try cousin matches. Judith is another Lentz relative:

The blue lines don’t line up well, so it is best to look at the match numbers. Judith matches Sharon up to position 6.6M. She matches the others up to 8.4M. That means Sharon has a crossover from Lentz to Rathfelder at 6.6M.

That brings up a potential problem as I had it that Sharon had another crossover between purple and purple. However, as I look at the Gedmatch comparisons again, I see that the Sharon crossover should be a Lori (L) crossover. I’ll change this and try filling in the rest:

I got this far, but didn’t finish filling in Jim (V). He has three crossovers in the blank area and I only have need for two. If all the other segments are right, I can fill in Jim’s missing segments using the Gedmatch comparisons. Now I have it down to here:

[Note: In review, I see that here I should have just carried the Lentz through the first V crossover to the second V crossover. That would have saved time and made the corrections below unneccessary.]

That corresponds with these comparisons:

V&S is FIR, that would put Rathfelder in the narrow segment for Jim. That would mean that Jim (V) has no crossover after L. That gives me this:

Just looking at this, I see a mistake on Lori’s maternal bottom Chromosome 20. She goes from Lentz (green) to purple Rathfelder on Jim’s crossover, so I need to fix that. Next, I’ll do a final quality check:

This shows I still have Jim’s outlined segments wrong. That’s all right, because Jim is the last DNA tested sibling. I want to get his right. By Gedmatch, V-L should be all HIR. I have four no matches and one FIR. I see that there is a problem on the left side of the boxed area. I have green to red and red to green with no transition. There has to be a small HIR between a red no match and a green FIR. The other issue is here:

I show Jim having a double transition with only one transition or crossover line. I know from Jim’s match with Joyce that his crossover should be on the paternal top side. That means that there should not be a maternal change at V above. It also means that I should not have taken out the other Jim (V) crossover.

The Final Answer for Chromosome 20?

These two images below should now agree:

Summary and Conclusions

  • I was able to map Chromosome 20 using the Fox Spreadsheet after a few corrections.
  • It is easy to make mistakes with all the crossovers and segments.
  • Each of the four grandparents are fully covered between the six siblings.
  • I (Joel) have a full maternal Chromosome 20 of Lentz and no Rathfelder on Chromosome 20.
  • The comparisons don’t always line up visually. You have to look at the actual position numbers.
  • I was able to confirm earlier mapping I had done.
  • Using the Steven Fox Segment Map helps to correct any mistakes that I may have made.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Cousin Frank on the James Frazer Line and His DNA

Joanna is great at finding Frazer’s and getting them to upload their DNA to Gedmatch. That is where I do my analysis, to see how they compare to other Frazer’s in the Frazer DNA Project. Here is an old map of the general area where the Frazer’s came from in Ireland:

The early Frazer’s settled in the lands between Lough Arrow and Lough Key around the early 1700’s.

Frank’s Genealogy

Frank’s DNA will not make a lot of sense outside his genealogy. Here is Frank’s Ancestry Tree:

There are two sides to the Frazer DNA Project. There is the Archibald and the James Branches. Frank is from the James Branch.

This tree represents the James Line descendants in red who have had their DNA tested and uploaded to Gedmatch. There are two major branches above under the James Line: Archibald born 1751 and Michael born 1764. Frank is from the Michael Line. I’ll add him in there:

 

Here Frank sits comfortably with other Michael Frazer descendants. However, he is in the Fitzgerald Frazer Branch all by himself. Fitzgerald Frazer moved to New York from Ireland. I assume that he felt his prospects would be better there. He was living in Haverstraw, NY in 1850.

The Census indicates that he was in New York at least by 1835 when his eldest daughter was born. He apparently married in New York before that time.

Frank is 4th cousin to the other DNA-tested Michael Frazer descendants. Frank is 5th cousin or further out to other James Line descendants. My guess is that Mary Gordon, Fitzgerald’s wife, was not related to Fitzgerald. At least, if she was not related to him, that would make the DNA analysis easier.

Frank’s DNA

I would like to look at Frank’s DNA to see how he matches with other Frazer’s. First, I ran Frank’s matches against all in the Frazer project with no known genealogical link to the James Line and came up with this:

Paul is my 2nd cousin, once removed. Karen, Chris, and Charlene are from the McPartland Connection. I forget how Jenn fits in. I have written a lot about my family’s connection with the McPartlands and likely James Line connection. I hope to make some suggestions later in this Blog.

Here is how Frank matches the above and those from the James Line:

This Matrix is difficult to interpret.

  • The McPartland Group seems to match the Archibald Frazer/Peyton Group the best
  • Marilee has a large match with Bob from the McPartland Group. I have discussed Marilee in past Blogs.
  • Frank’s best match is with Betty from the Archibald/Peyton Group. He also has good matches with the McPartland Group. Frank matches one of the four Michael Frazer descendants above 7cM.

Triangulation to the Rescue?

I like to look at triangulated segments or Triangulation Groups (TGs). The theory is that when three or more people share the same DNA that indicates a unique shared ancestor for the group. If Frank triangulates with any of the above people, it could shed some light.

Chromosome 12

 

Here Frank is in a TG with Paul and Joanna. I find this interesting for a few reasons. First, I believe that this TG represents Paul’s McMaster/Frazer side. This is from my web page from about 15 years ago.

 

Here I speculate that Michael Frazer could have been Margaret Frazer’s father or brother. If Margaret was 20 when she married, she would have been born in 1793. I now have that Michael Frazer could have been born in 1764 which would have made him 29 at the time of Margaret’s birth – assuming I am on the right track.

Here I will try out my theory:

Here I have Paul and my family under the Michael Line, but we are one or two generations down from the others. I don’t know if we belong here or to the left under Archibald and Catherine Peyton. Here is what the triangulation would look like assuming that Paul and family descend from the Michael Line:

The common ancestor would be the same whether I put Margaret Frazer under Michael or his brother Archibald.

Not Being in TG12

Interestingly, Prudence, Karen and Chris could have been in this TG, but they were not.

A wild guess could be that Karen and Chris from the McPartland Line descend from Archibald born about 1792. Then it would have to be that Chris, Prudence and Karen were sharing the DNA from Archibald’s mother Catherine Peyton. That could explain some of the McPartland DNA matches here:

This is what the McPartlands would look like under this scenario:

They would be the green family on the left. I would be in the green family on the right. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. It doesn’t hurt to build these make-believe trees as it helps to see where these families could be. However, I would rather have the McPartlands and my green branch under the same side. I’ll explain why in the next section.

Chris and My Sisters Match on the X Chromosome

Here is how Chris from the McPartland Line matches my three sisters on the X Chromosome:

Those are pretty big matches. The only way for Chris to match Lori, Sharon, and Heidi on the Frazer Line is by going through the McMaster side. This is the scenario that I am proposing:

Under this scenario, the X Match would head up to Catherine Peyton. My second choice would be to have both green branches under the Michael Line. In that case, the X Chromosome matches would go back to Margaret Stewart. I’m sure I’ll do more analysis on this in the future. If we had more information on where all these people lived it may also make things more clear.

Usually X matches are not helpful in surname studies such as this. That is because the X Chromosome is not passed down from father to son. However, this case is different. On the McPartland side, the Frazer ancestor is deep in the ancestry on the maternal side. In my family’s case, I have Frazer on more than one line. One of those lines goes back on my grandmother’s father’s mother’s line which is McMaster. In fact, my three sisters got all their paternal side X Chromosome from their paternal grandmother. She in turn got all her paternal side X Chromosome from her paternal grandfather who was Margaret McMaster born 1846.

Back to Triangulation and Non-Triangulation

Above, I had mentioned how Paul, Frank and Joanna Triangulated, but Prudence, Karen and Chris did not even though they matched on the same segments. How can that be? Here is one possible explanation:

Prudence, Chris and Karen could be matching on Peyton DNA and Joanna, Paul and Frank could be triangulating on Frazer DNA. With DNA, at a certain level, there are only two choices. The DNA is either from the mother or the father. In this scenario, either Archibald Frazer or Catherine Peyton. Of course, there are other possibilities, but those would be based on different possible family histories.

I have more Triangulation Groups (TGs) in this Blog. However, some of them need to be updated based on the information from this Blog. It is interesting after that reading that Blog to see how I was heading in the right direction and see the answers starting to unfold. In this Blog, the answers are continuing to unfold as to how my family, the James Line and the McPartland Line all tie together.

Frank’s DNA Matches

Here’s a summary of Frank’s matches:

The facts of Frank’s DNA matches are simple. The interpretation is complicated as the genealogy is skimpy.

Summary and Conclusions

  • Frank’s DNA results are important as he provides a new Michael Line on the James Line.
  • That line is a bit isolated from other Michael Line descendants and Frank only matches Bonnie from that Line. Statistically, Frank should be matching 4th cousins on this line at greater than 50%. In reality, he matches one out of four of his fourth cousins on this line.
  • On the Archibald Line, Frank matches five out of about 15 tested descendants. That is better than the >10% reported for fifth cousins.
  • Frank is in a Triangulation Group with Paul and Joanna. For Paul, who is my cousin, that most probably on a line that goes from Frazer to McMaster to Frazer.
  • I proposed a scenario where Paul’s Line and the McPartland Line fits on the Archibald Frazer/Peyton Line.
  • This proposed tree includes that fact that Frank’s closest matches seemed to be with the McPartlands. The McPartland line and my sisters share a large block of X Chromosome. The pathway of X Chromosome inheritance narrows down many matching possibilities and therfor common ancestors. Paul, Frank and Joanna were in a TG which gives rise to certain possibilities for common ancestors.
  • As I look at the genealogy, I notice that Frank has a William and a Fitzgerald in his anestry. I see those names also on the Archibald Line. However, Fitzgerald also appears in Beverly’s Line on the Michael Frazer side.
  • As I look at previous Blogs, it seems like the answers are coming together slowly, though there is no definitive answer yet. I am not sure how much more definitive one can get with just DNA testing and minimal genealogy.
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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 4 – Chromosome 3

I’m ready to start visual phasing of Chromosome 3.

I’ll start with some rough crossover lines:

I try to look at the crossovers and names at the same time to make sure I have enough crossovers. One unusual thing is that on the right hand side, I have five crossovers for Jon (F) in relatively close proximity.

Putting Cousins on the Map

Next I look at the All Cousins function on the Fox Spreadsheet. The first best candidate is James, my father’s cousin. I’ll put some Hartley paternal grandfather DNA in the slots where James matches my family.

Here’s something I want to keep on top of. The right hand side of the matches (in blue) is wandering on each side of a crossover line. I need to start my crossover spreadsheet to keep track of where these crossovers are.

This shows that the Jim (V) crossover is at 39.8 and the Hartley cousin match goes up to 38.6, so we are OK to put Hartley up to the Jim crossover.

The three paternal crossovers on the left fell right into the spots that I had predicted, so I’m off to a good start.

Maternal Cousin Carolyn

Carolyn matches our family on our Lentz grandparent side. Here is my grandmother, speaking of Lentz:

She was born in 1900.

I started mapping Lentz DNA, but ran into a question on the right hand side of Chromosome 3:

Actually I may all right, as I show a crossover for Joel and Sharon on the very right and that is consistent with our match with Carolyn. Here is what Gedmatch -shows for Carolyn:

The right-hand crossovers for Sharon and Joel are really close. Sharon is at 195.80 and Joel’s crossover is at 195.82. I can go with these numbers, but I’ll have to change the crossover order. It also look like, from Gedmatch, that Jon has a crossover at 186M. I’ll write this into my spreadsheet:

Here is how the right hand side of Chromosome 3 mapped out:

Checking out the position numbers at Gedmatch helped me find the crossover for Jon (F).

This is what I get from looking at the first two cousin matches:

Rathfelder Line Cousin Inese

Inese is from Latvia. Here are her matches with my family:

Inese is picking up maternal crossovers for Joel and Lori:

Inese’s matches do not span the crossovers but the two crossovers are implied by the crossover lines above.

Joyce – Another Hartley Match

Here I add in some more orange Hartley based on Joyce’s matches:

Emily – A Frazer Side Match

Here the paternal Frazer match goes through a Lori crossover. That means Lori’s first crossover must be maternal.

I checked a few more cousins and came up with this:

What’s Next? Gedmatch Comparisons

Next, it would make sense to look at the FIRs at Gedmatch and the no-match sibling comparisons, to fill in some blanks above. I did that plus I extended the DNA to the easy looking crossovers. That means the crossovers I wasn’t expecting problems with.

I filled in all but this area on the right hand side of Chromosome 3:

This looks right for Jon as he has two crossovers in this area. However, I have none. I need to add one in there. At the top of the image above, it shows that the comparison between Heidi and Joel (D) shows no match on either side of the Chromosome in that little segment. That means that I would be Frazer (blue) and Lentz (green). That means that my crossover should be near Jon’s first F.

I need to look around 160.9 for my crossover.

This could be it at 156.7:

Here’s some more information from Gedmatch:

The first circled match is my match with Heidi and the next two circled matches are between me and Lori and Jim. I’ll call my crossover 156.2.

Here, I’ve added my paternal crossover:

Placing Jon’s Two Sequential Crossovers in the Right Order

Next, I’m curious as to Jon’s (F) two crossovers. Which is maternal and which is paternal? I ran Jon against 5 siblings and two maternal first cousins and got this:

#6 is Cousin Cindy. My guess is that her match is the maternal crossover for Jon (F). This is at 165.7M which is where I had Jon’s second crossover:

Of course, that makes Jon’s preceding crossover at 160.9M paternal:

Comparing My Work to Gedmatch with the Segment Map

I don’t see any obvious errors. The places on the right that are small and yellow indicate small HIR matches that didn’t show as blue matches on the left because the resolution was not low enough. Here is one example:

That was relatively painless. I tried to be careful with my work, so I wouldn’t have to fix a lot of things later.

The Final Result

I forgot to show my results:

 

This is the first time my brother Jim’s Chromosome 3 has been phased. I don’t think that I had phased Lori before on the Chromosome either. This time, Jim and Lori have full paternal side Frazer Chromosomes. That’s good for the Frazer DNA Project I am working on. Between the six siblings, there is full coverage for all the grandparents. Without Jim and Lori in the mix, I would be missing a lot of Frazer DNA on Chromosome 3.

Summary and Conclusions

  • I tried to be more methodical with my work this time and plan ahead for areas that could cause problems
  • One problem area is nailing down crossovers that are near other crossovers. A spreadsheet giving the position number of the crossovers helps.
  • I used a first cousin maternal match to find a maternal crossover for Jon. This was necessary because Jon had two crossovers in a row.
  • As in all Chromosome Maps, this information should be helpful in finding matches along one of four grandparent lines.
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Visual Phasing Six Siblings with the Fox Spreadsheet: Part 3 – Chromosome 2

In Part 1, I downloaded the Steven Fox Spreadsheet and built up the information for six siblings and 17 cousins. Then I did the visual phasing on the X Chromosome. In Part 2, I finished Chromosome 1 for 6 siblings, with a heavy dependence on cousin matches.

Visual Phasing Chromosome 2

Here are the 15 comparisons for my six siblings. There are 5, 4, 3, 2, then 1 comparison. I think that is where the 15 comes from.

I don’t see too many odd things here.

Here I added a bunch of crossovers. I don’t know if it is better to put in too few and add later or too many and erase later. I’m not too worried if I have them perfect as I will be checking them against cousin matches.

I’ll start with cousin Maury. I think that’s how his name is spelled. Where we match represents the DNA I got from my paternal Hartley grandfather:

I need to stick the blue matches above for Jim, Joel, Heidi and Lori. I see one crossover for Heidi where her Hartley DNA stops and above and below her, Jim and Lori’s Hartley DNA continues on to the right. To the right of Heidi’s crossover, the only other choice on the paternal side is Frazer, so I’ll add that in.

I have the first crossover identified. It is for Heidi, it is paternal and it is at position 53.5M. I’ll put this into a spreadsheet as it is helpful information to have if you ever do raw data phasing or if you want to add your grandparents to Gedmatch:

[The M for Heidi is wrong. It should be a P.]

I could also infer that the segments above and below the Hartley matches would be Frazer matches. I’ll add those now. If I’m wrong, I can correct them later. However, again, on the paternal side, there are two choices from where the DNA came from.

Adding a Maternal Cousin Match to Chromosome 2

Cousin Anita is a Rathfelder cousin.

It looks like there are few crossovers here. However, the representations of where the relative positions of the matches are can be misleading. I think that I will try assign as many crossovers as I can. Here is what I get from Anita’s matches:

Here is a summary of the crossovers from the first two cousin matches:

I didn’t get a position number for Jim’s crossover as they are not displaying correctly on the spreadsheet.

Next, Check the Gedmatch Comparisons

Here is one issue I see right away:

In the Gedmatch comparison between Heidi and Lori, there is a no match area between Segment H and F in red. The answer appears to be that Heidi has an additional crossover in the area of the L and F maternal crossovers at 103 and 105M. The Heidi crossover should be at about 104, based on the Heidi and Jim (V) comparison:

In Lori’s crossover, she went from Rathfelder to Lentz. In order for Heidi and Lori to continue not matching, Heidi needs to change from Lentz to Rathfelder.

The above gedmatch comparison is Lori compared to Heidi. Between crossovers L and H there is a very short segment where Lori and Heidi are HIR. They don’t match H to L. Then L to H they match on Lentz (green) only. Then Heidi and Lori go back quickly to not matching again.

Cousin Joyce on the Hartley Side

Cousin Joyce has some Hartley segments for the left side of my family’s Chromosome 2:

These matches start at about zero and go to 9M. That is at about the third vertical line above (crossover) belonging to D who is me (Joel). This causes a problem as it goes through Sharon’s crossover. When I look more closely, I see that Sharon’s crossover is at 9M and mine is at 12M:

That means I have to bring back the orange one small segment:

 

While I was working on this, I made a guess that I (D) had a paternal crossover right after Sharon. I put this into my spreadsheet:

At 7M, I have a crossover for Lori, but I don’t know if it is maternal or paternal yet. I also looked up the last crossover position for Jim at gedmatch.

It looks like Joyce could help clean up the right side of Chromosome 2:

The bottom blue bar is for Heidi and it shows her crossover. Heidi’s crossover is at 226M. Note that I show three crossovers in a row above, but only have two initials. I’ll say that the extra crossover is for Heidi:

The circled areas are in the comparison of Jim (V) to Heidi and Jon (F) to Heidi. Heidi is common in both. I had mentioned in a previous Blog that a change from no match to FIR or from FIR to no match could indicate a crossover for a person on a paternal and maternal side in close succession. That appears to be the case here.

The spreadsheet is important, because the visual part of visual phasing can throw you off. That means that the visuals don’t always line up well, so it is important to depend on the position numbers. This is especially important where the crossovers are close together.

Here are Heidi’s crossovers on the right:

 

This creates another problem as Heidi’s Lent in Green has to get back to purple Rathfelder on the left, and I don’t have any crossovers for Heidi between the two. This means that either Heidi doesn’t have a crossover on the left or she needs another in the middle. Confused? You bet I am. I’ll worry about this later.

Deciphering the Right End of Chromosome 2 – Paternal Side

Hartley cousin Beth helps figure out the right hand side of the Chromosome. Ends of Chromosomes can be difficult to interpret.

Lori’s match is off by about one half million positions from the other three matches. I don’t know if that is significant. It may indicate a crossover that I don’t have.

Here is how I started to fill in the right hand side of Chromosome 2:

  • JIm’s crossover was on the maternal side, so I filled in the rest of his Hartley DNA.
  • I show Sharon with a crossover. If she has one, it needs to be on the paternal side.
  • This leaves Lori. If her match with Beth is right, then Lori needs another crossover – probably at 239M.

Here is Lori’s crossover:

This shows that Lori’s crossover is right before Jim’s.

Tiny Segments at the Chromosome Ends Are Not That Important

First, thanks Beth. The tiny segments at the end for Sharon and Jim are not that important in practice. However, if you want to fill out your Chromosome Maps it is fun to figure them out. Note Sharon’s small Hartley segment at the right end. This does not show up on the cousin match. It is just too small. If I lowered the thresholds at Gedmatch, it should show.

As my mom would say, “So there”.

Paul’s Frazer DNA

Here I just show the right side of Chromosome 2, where Paul matches my brother and three sisters:

These segments don’t align well, but the numbers show that they are pretty close to each other vertically.

 

I filled in the Frazer segments and Hartley segments where Paul didn’t match:

Jim likely has a paternal crossover at V. He needs one to match the paternal Frazer at the left.

Cousin Linda’s Maternal Lentz Matches

Linda points out two crossovers on the maternal side:

These are at 222M for me and 228M for Heidi:

I already had Heidi’s crossover listed, but here is mine added.

Gedmatch Sibling Pair Comparisons and Reconciliations

Next, I want to compare my Sibling Chromosome Map with what Gedmatch shows:

For example the comparison between Sharon and Lori shows that they have an FIR that means that Sharon should have Lentz DNA on her maternal side. Lori has two crossovers in a row, so the second should be Frazer to Hartley. Because I am looking for a crossover for Heidi, somewhere in the middle, I’ll fill in the other siblings, but not Heidi:

As I fill in the blanks, I see that I have more problems:

 

  • Looks like Jim (V) needs another crossover. I believe that should be near the third V above.
  • Jon has two crossovers, but if I put in Rathfelder in the blank area on Jon’s maternal side, that would solve that.
  • Sharon needs to go from Rathfelder (purple) to Lentz (green) but has no crossover.
  • Heidi has the same issue.
  • Lori has a crossover but no apparent need for one. By looking at the Gedmatch comparisons, the L should be an H and S. This should solve the above two problems.

Jim’s Double V

Here Jim has crossovers on the maternal and paternal side:

These don’t line up that great visually. These two Jim Crossovers are at 191 and 192. I don’t know which crossover is maternal and which is paternal at this point.

Replacing One Lori Crossover with One Sharon and One Heidi Crossover (Or How to Solve Two Problems by Correcting One Crossover)

The problem in doing this is, which Crossover goes first? Here is the Lori Crossover I want to replace:

This shows where they both match with me (D). The Sharon crossover is at 173M and the Heidi crossover is at 172M, so Heidi goes first.

My list of crossovers is getting quite long:

These two crossovers need to be on the maternal side to make the map work. I don’t know if this is right, but it seemed to work:

Some Eye Excercise

This is a side by view of what it is from Gedmatch versus what I came up using the Fox Spreadsheet. I think they agree. All I have to do now is fill in Jim’s double crossover and some small segments on the left hand side of the Chromosome.

Jim’s Double Crossover

This should be easy.

In the little gap between 191 and 192M, Jim has no match with Jon (F), Sharon and Lori.

Jon, Sharon and Lori have a blue/purple combination, so I’ll give Jim a no-matching orange/green combo:

If everything else is right, this just falls into place.

The Left Side of Chromosome 2

This looks really confusing. I have five crossovers in short succession and one not assigned. I could give up now, but I would like to finish this Chromosome and move on to 3-22. First, I took out the unassigned crossover.

I’ve circled all the cases where there is a no match going to an FIR or FIR going to a no match. They include three V’s, three F’s, three H’s and three L’s. I think that means that I need to add an F and H crossover to what I already have. That includes all six siblings. The other question is whether these are all double crossovers. If that is the case, then I could need to add up to five crossovers.

I can start by filling in some paternal side in the first segment:

Next, I need to make use of my spreadsheet.

These are the crossovers I have already. Next, I’ll look for some more position numbers.

Here Jon has a 10.4 crossover. It seems to line up well with his other matches.

Jim and Heidi match here:

That looks to be about the place of Heidi’s crossover.

I’ll start filling out the map based on the above, but I feel like there is at least one double crossover somewhere:

I did a quick segment map check:

The resolution is off, but it looks to be not too bad a comparison.

Could This Be the Map?

I think it looks good for a wrap.

Comparing Chromosome 2 with Previous Analysis

Here is what M MacNeill did for me previously:

This was for three siblings. The interesting par is that this shows DNA that was missing on my father’s side. My mom has been tested, so is missing no DNA. DNA is missing for my paternal grandmother on both ends. DNA is missing for my paternal grandfather in the middle of Chromosome 2.

Now no Hartley DNA is missing (paternal grandfather). Also no paternal grandmother is missing thanks to Jon. He has a full Chromosome 2 of paternal grandmother. This is interesting because Jon also has a full Chromosome 1 of Frazer (paternal grandmother). That’s a lot of Frazer. Let’s say Jon was trying to prove he was related to a Hartley who had huge segments of Hartley DNA on Chromosomes 1 and 2 but nowhere else. Jon would show that he would not be related to this Hartley by DNA.

Summary and Conclusions

  • I continued on with the same method I used for Chromosome 1. That was to use cousin matches and to  identify crossovers by cousin matches. I map those matches and crossovers and what I can infer from the gedmatch comparisons. I then check the Segment Map to see if it agrees with the gedmatch comparisons.
  • I still like using the cousin matches first as it sets the maternal and paternal side right away. The crossovers from the cousin matches seem quite certain and give me a good start on visual phasing.
  • I make sure I keep at least the close crossovers in a spreadsheet, so I can know which crossover goes where. Special attention is given to the position numbers as they can give clues to how many crossovers there are.
  • At the end of my visual phasing, I was looking for double crossovers, but they were not there.
  • For Chromosome 1, I consulted with some of my previous work. For Chromosome 2, I did not look at any previous work I had done or had done for me.
  • Finally, I looked at my results compared with previous results.