Hartley DNA & Genealogy

There is a certain rhythm about performing visual phasing. I look at the crossovers, then assign siblings to the crossovers and position numbers. Then I look at cousin matches. I check the Segment Map agains the sibling pairs, solve any problems that come up and then solve the chromosome.

It looks like I took Chromosome 20 out of order, so now I’ll look at Chromosome 21

Chromosome 21

Here is my first shot at finding crossovers on this Chromosome:

It is best to ignore small changes in these small chromosomes. That is because the changes are magnified in scale compared to the larger chromosomes. One exception to this is at either end of the chromosome. There may be small changes there that are valid. For example Joel (D) has a crossover near the right end of Chromosome 21.

If I did the crossovers right, Lori will have no crossovers.

The Position Numbers

There are only 7 crossovers for six siblings who have two copies of each Chromosome 21.

Cousin Matches

I am dependent on at least one maternal and one paternal cousin match to solve each chromosome. Scrolling down through the cousin matches that I have in the Fox Spreadsheet, I see I have no cousin matches at all. Now what?

I could go with generic grandparents or look for more cousin matches. I’ll start by looking for more cousin matches.

Martin with Latvian Ancestors

I match Martin who has ancestors from Latvia. My Rathfelder grandfather was from Latvia. That is either a huge coincidence, or Martin matches me on my Rathfelder side. In addition, Martin matches my mother and two of my Rathfelder cousins by DNA at MyHeritage. Here is the DNA match I have with Martin at MyHeritage:

If Martin matches me (Joel) on my Rathfelder side at Chromosome 1 and 3, that would be further evidence that he is a Rathfelder match. I’m convinced already, but I’ll take a look.

On Chromosome 1, I have maternal Rathfelder DNA from about 54 to 202.5M. As expected, my match with Martin is within my Rathfelder area on Chromosome 1:

Here are the position numbers of my match with Martin on Chromosome 21:

Martin also matches my siblings Jon, Jim and Sharon. But does he match them on Chromosome 21?

Here is Jon’s DNA match with Martin:

This is about the same match that I had:

Jim has about the same match. Here is Sharon’s match:

40.1 is near the 39.7M crossover that I had for Sharon. That gives me this:

Looking for a Paternal Cousin

Here, I’ll have to get creative. I went to MyHeritage and found people in common with my sister Heidi and Joyce. One who came up was Brianna. I don’t know exactly how we match, but Brianna has her mom as a Hartley. Further, Brianna, Heidi and Joyce triangulate here:

My Chromosome 3 map shows that Heidi has plenty of Hartley DNA where she can match with Joyce and Brianna on Chromosome 3:

It looks like Jon, Joel and Sharon do also.

Here is the match between Brianna and Heidi:

 

Here is Jon’s match with Brianna:

I don’t match Brianna on Chromosome 21. Jim has a similar match to Jon.

Sharon has a similar match to Brianna:

 

Here I see that I don’t have a DNA change for Sharon’s second crossover. For now, I’ll fix that by erasing her DNA after the second S crossover. Lori also does not match Brianna, so she must have Frazer DNA on her paternal side.

This comparison shows my visual phasing to be on track:

Here is what I get:

My Previous Attempt at Chromosome 21

Here is my shot at Chromosome 21 from January 2017:

I was unable to assign the segments. I was able to figure out the maternal and paternal sides. It turns out that the purple was Lentz. Blue was Rathfelder. Green was Hartley and orange was Frazer. I was J in the above chromosome map.

Summary and Conclusions

• As the chromosomes get small, there are fewer crossovers, but also fewer cousin matches
• I had to get creative to find maternal and paternal cousin matches. I didn’t have the genealogy to connect these cousins, but the DNA showed which line they were on. Actually, there was limited genealogy. Martin had a tree up to his Latvian father and Brianna had a tree up to her Hartley mother.
• I have full coverage for all four grandparents on this Chromosome.
• Jon has a full Hartley Chromosome 21. Jim has a full Rathfelder Chromosome. Lori has a full Frazer and Lentz Chromosome. Heidi also has a full Lentz Chromosome.
• With this information, it is easy to fill in the match spreadsheets for each sibling. I have a column for grandparent. So I will know for every match which grandparent side they match on.

 

 

The way this is going, I am heading for a 24 part Blog on visual phasing.

Chromosome 18

Here’s a bit of glitch with Chromosome 18:

The fourth sibling comparison doesn’t line up with itself. I tried to go out of my spreadsheet without saving it to see if that would fix it and then lost my last 3 solved Chromosomes. Well, I should be able to recreate them easily by checking back on my Blogs.

Charting the Crossover Locations

I go through the crossovers again and put some numbers on them. This often results in changes to the crossovers that I originally put in:

The yellow indicates crossovers that I am unsure of.

Cousin Matches

Next, I’ll see which cousins match me and my siblings on Chromosome 18. It turns out that Catherine matches all six siblings:

I have circled all the crossovers. They all appear to agree with what I have except for Sharon’s first of three maternal crossovers. Also Jim’s first crossover appears to be on my line. However, these crossovers agree with my spreadsheet above. It turns out this was a good check as I need to update the chromosome map. I took out the D on the Chromosome Map above, but I feel there will need to be another crossover in that area eventually.

Here is my interpretation of Catherine’s matches with my family:

Looking for a Paternal Cousin

I have a few Frazer cousins that match in the same area. Here is Emily’s match from 35 to 52M:

This is the first time I haven’t had Hartley cousins to help me out:

Next I would like to fill out as much as I can to the left of the V and S crossovers. These are the ones I was unsure about. However, before I do that, it appears that I have a problem with what I have done above. Sharon should have Frazer DNA, but not Lori. Good thing I caught that. I did a glance on the Segment Map and that pointed out something was wrong.

This looks pretty good as far as I have gone:

This is my ‘all in one’ view.

Next I need to fill in to the left of the V-S crossovers.

I filled in Jon (F) based on him having a FIR with Heidi from the F & H comparison at the top. That means that he should have a Frazer/Lentz combination. However, I see that I missed a change for Jon on his F crossover to the right. I fixed that, and it looks like the crossovers were right as I had them:

This now agrees when I fill in the rest:

Summary and Conclusions

• Jim has a full paternal Hartley Chromosome
• Joel has a full Frazer Chromosome
• I wonder why Jim had not Hartley cousin matches given his full Hartley Chromosome.
• I made it through the problem areas without too much difficulty.
• Most of the problems were of my own making. I found and corrected two of my own mistakes.

 

 

 

Chromosome 13 was easy to solve. Let’s see how easy Chromosome 14 is.

Chromosome 14

I start with trying to find crossovers and assigning them to siblings:

Then I put these crossovers into a spreadsheet and try to get position numbers from the match numbers to the left of the above.

This gives me another chance to check out the crossovers. I’m not sure on the position numbers of H and V near the end. I may find that from cousin matches. This should be another easy chromosome to solve.

Rathfelder cousin Anita shows Jim’s crossover, but the position number is still not given:

I’ll just log in to Gedmatch and get the position number there:

That means that the 94.9M crossover that I had for Heidi belongs to Jim.

These two Hartley cousins fill in a lot of orange DNA:

However, I see a problem. Between Heidi’s Frazer DNA and the Hartley on the right, she only has one crossover and that has been used up on the maternal side. However, Heidi has a crossover on the right with no maternal or paternal change, so that is wrong. Heidi must have a paternal crossover on the right:

That also makes sense because the H &L comparison shows a green FIR, so Heidi must have Frazer on the paternal side. I am now close to solving this Chromosome.

I’ll check matches with Lentz cousin Judith:

I just need to fill in the left and check for accuracy.

The HIR Problem

Lori has an HIR with each of her five siblings in the first segment:

That means that we may not be able to solve Lori’s last remaining segment:

Fortunately, my Hartley cousin Patricia uploaded her DNA to Gedmatch:

Patricia does not match Lori in that first segment, so the inference is that Lori has Frazer DNA there as do Jim, Jon and Joel:

That puts Lori’s crossover on her maternal side.

Here is the final comparison:

Summary and Conclusions

• These higher number chromosomes are shorter. However, on the Excel spreadsheet, they take up the same amount of room. That means that they are spread out more and easier to see. In addition, the larger chromosomes have fewer crossovers, making them easier to solve.
• There is also the chance that, on these shorter chromosomes, there will be fewer matches. That has not been a problem up to this point. I’m sure it helps that I have six siblings.
• In Chromosome 14, Jim gets a full dose of paternal Frazer DNA.
• There is DNA coverage on the paternal grandparent side. Some Lentz DNA is missing on the maternal side. We could get that from my mom, but would have to figure out which of her DNA is maternal and paternal.

 

 

 

 

I’m trying to visually phase my DNA as well as five other siblings’ DNA. It is taking a while.

Chromosome 13

Here is a quick try at crossovers. I didn’t see any obvious problem areas. If I did these crossovers right, then Joel (D) and Heidi don’t have any crossovers. None of the crossovers are too bunched up. I predict an easy solve.

Bring On the Cousins

I am seeing huge amounts of Hartley DNA in my first three cousin matches.

These point out three paternal crossovers. One is for Sharon and two are for Lori:

It seems safe to map out all the paternal DNA based on these three Hartley matches. The one exception is Jim’s (V) last segment as that is quite small.

Next, Carolyn is a Lentz (maternal) cousin. Based on her matches, I’ll make an attempt at finishing the Chromosome:

If I have this right, this could be the fastest Chromosome mapped yet. However, I see a mistake already. The person I mapped was actually Catherine who is a Rathfelder cousin, not Lentz.

I think that fixed it.

Note above that Joel (D) and Heidi both had full Hartley/Rathfelder Chromosomes. As a result, they have full D and H comparison FIRs (all green).

Summary and Conclusions

• Solving this Chromosome took under an hour – including the time to write this Blog. That makes Chromosome 13, the lucky one.
• All four grandparents’ DNA is covered except for a small segment of Frazer on the right-hand side of Chromosome 13
• As with all chromosomes, I can use this information to fill in a grandparent column on each of these six siblings’ match spreadsheet.

 

 

 

Here is Chromosome 12 from the Fox Spreadsheet:

I have made a guess at placing crossovers and assigning them to my siblings and me. In fact, in places, I am quite sure these crossovers are not right.

Cousin Matches Ferret Out Crossovers

Here are some matches with Hartley cousin Joyce:

These matches represent a paternal crossovers for Jon at 106.7 and Heidi at 75M.

I expect that Joel, Sharon and Lori will also have Frazer DNA in this area. I also note that I have not given Jim any crossovers. If this holds true, he will have full chromosomes of one grandparent on the maternal and paternal sides.

Here’s some more Hartley DNA from my father’s first cousin Maury:

When I compare Maury’s match to me compared to the crossover positions I have, I see that I have the D and F crossover lines backwards:

I gave myself (Joel) a big dose of Frazer after the Hartley crossover.

Matches with Frazer cousin Gladys give crossovers to Lori and Heidi:

Maternal Cousins – A Problem Have I

Unfortunately, I have imported 8 maternal cousins into the Fox Spreadsheet and none of them match me or my 5 siblings on Chromoosme 12. What to do? I can go further down the list.

Rathfelder Cousin Otis

Otis matches on my Rathfelder side. Here is his match with me and my siblings on Chromosome 12:

So not only does he match, but he points out two crossovers: Joel at 46.4 and Lori and 45.4M. Thanks to Otis, I get this:

Frazer Cousin Paul and Lori

Here we see a few things. I forgot to add Sharon’s Frazer DNA. The other thing is that Frazer DNA goes by Jon and Lori’s crossovers. That means that their crossovers need to be on their maternal sides.

Checking the All-Important Segment Map

The Segment Map compared to the Gedmatch sibling pairings keep me on track:

Filling in the Left Side of Chromosome 12

If the crossovers are correct on the left side of Chromosome 12, I’ll be able to fill that side in with no problem.

I don’t show Sharon or Jim with crossovers. I moved Sharon’s DNA to the left. However, I see a problem already as Sharon and Lori are FIR in the first section. That means that if Sharon’s first segment is right, Lori should also have Frazer and Rathfelder DNA. However, Lori shows a crossover which would indicate a change going left from her already Frazer/Rathfelder DNA.

I’m not reallys sure of the DLFD area, so I’ll take a detailed look.

Detailed Look at the DLFD Crossover Area of Chromosome 12

The V & S comparison shows a change at 16.8M, but I don’t show a crossover for V or S:

Before I looked at this in a more detailed way, I have a few observations:

I don’t see changes for L. I do see that V has two changes at 16.8M. This may be the difference. Another thing I see is that there doesn’t appear to be a need for the first D crossover. I’ll take that out.

I’m trying to avoid the detailed analysis, so I’ll see how this works out:

Here is the all-important comparison:

A Problem with Crossovers at 111M

I had a problem figuring out things around S, L, and H on the right-hand side of Chromosome 12:

The changes don’t align well. Also there is a change between V & D at 111.6M, but no crossover for V or D. That means that I should start at 111M and go up to 118 in my analysis:

By just looking at the Jim (V) comparisons, it appears that the S crossover should be a V and that the H and L may be right. But I need to continue on. The final sibling comparison that I do is here between Heidi and Lori:

This shows an NIR going to an FIR. That means that there must be a small HIR between the NIR and FIR. Here is the close-up version at Gedmatch:

This shows two changes between about 117.3 and 117.7.

After I look up all the comparisons, I sort by position number:

Unfortunately, the results are not as definitive as I would have liked. The F at the top was not in question. The last L and H seem clear. The other crossovers are probably V and S.  L and H are not needed in the first unboxed areas, as they are already combined with either V’s or S’s.

Here is my interpretation of the above analysis:

Here, I erased Jim’s Lentz DNA on the right as I have him with a crossover now. I’ll try solving the Chromosome with my new crossover arrangement:

The comparison looks about right:

However, if I look too long, I get eye fatigue.

Summary and Conclusions

• The problem areas for the crossovers were where I thought that they would be.
• I was able to solve one problem area without doing a full detailed analysis.
• Solving these Chromosomes mostly comes down to solving the problem areas. These are where the crossovers are close and difficult to determine.
• Jim, who was the last sibling to have his DNA tested, had all Hartley DNA on his paternal side. This is important as the other siblings were missing Hartley DNA in a large section of the Chromosome.
• This Chromosome has full coverage for all four grandparents.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In my previous Blog, I was hoping for and easier Chromosome to visually phase. I don’t think that Chromosome 10 was more difficult than Chromosome 9, but a mistake I made gave me some problems.

Chromosome 11

Here is a first shot at drawing DNA lines.

The first line is for me (Joel – D). This will be where I have a change in DNA. The next three lines were confusing, so I’ll wait to figure those out. I put my original findings into a spreadsheet:

I need the spreadsheet to keep track of the locations of the changes. The yellow parts and the question marks are areas that need work or further analysis. Some of these area may be more clear once I look at our cousin matches.

Cousin Matches

Cousin Maury on my Hartley side gives two crossovers, in an area where I was confused:

This shows that Jim (V) has a crossover at 16.9M and Heidi has one at 17.5M. This saves me some time. I’ll give the third question mark to Jim (V). Jim has changes in his five sibling comparisons. These can be seen in the first five comparisons below:

Next, I find a crossover I missed for Joel (D) thanks to matches with Hartley cousin Joyce:

This crossover is at 77.4. This describes another confusing area that I had noted on my spreadsheet:

I’ll replace the ? with a D at 77.4.

Hartley cousin James has some huge matches with me and my siblings on Chromosome 11:

I could have inferred more Frazer DNA from the Hartley matches, but I haven’t added them in yet. For example, Jim will have a lot of Frazer DNA as he doesn’t match James on the Hartley side. I have already filled in all of Heidi’s paternal Chromosome 11 with these three Hartley matches.

Inese adds in some Rathfelder DNA:

Here I made a few assumptions. I assumed that I had the right crossovers. I assumed where the paternal side DNA went through a crossover, that the crossover belonged to the maternal side. In doing this, I completed Lori’s Chromosome 11. However, I have not checked the work.

Next I’ll look at Lentz cousin Judith:

 

While looking at this match, it appeared that I had a crossover for Jon in this area that didn’t belong, so I took it out. I have the H crossover at 122.3. That means that Judith’s matches start before the H crossover which is at about 122.8

However, I added Lentz DNA in for Heidi at that location. She needs Lentz DNA there due to her crossover. My assumption is that due to her crossover, her match with Judith went below the reportable level of 7cM. This should be easy to check:

This is Judith’s matching with Sharon, Jon, Jim, Heidi (#4), Lori and Joel. The pink match with Lori appears to be a false match.

Checking the Segment Map for Peace of Mind

I’ve gone a way without checking the Segment Map. Here is the comparison between the Segment Map and the Gedmatch sibling comparisons:

This is a bit of an eye workout. I put purple around what appears to be the problem areas. This area starts with a Heidi crossover. The three problem areas have Lori in common. The positions are around 120 to 122M.

Detailed Analysis

Before I do a detailed analysis, I’ll do a semi-detailed analysis:

These are the sibling pairs where I am seeing the changes. It seems like there are a lot of H’s and L’s. It could be that I will need to add another L crossover. That would also be consistent with the mistakes that I outlined in purple above. Without even finishing my detailed analysis, I can see what is going on:

V, F and D are each matching with H once and L twice. That means that H has one crossover and L has two. I finished the analysis and sorted by position:

I had taken out an F crossover above that should have been an L crossover. Here is the production update:

Here is the revised Segment Map/Gedmatch comparison:

This shows that I am back on track.

Next, I’ll try to solve the Chromosome:

This needs to be checked:

This looks OK.

Summary and Conclusions

• There is a segment of Lentz DNA missing from the first third of Chromosome 11.
• There is a bit of Rathfelder missing from a small middle segment. Both of these can be filled in with DNA from my mother.
• There is a tiny bit of Frazer DNA missing from the next to the last paternal segment.
• Large matches from my father’s three first cousins were helpful in solving this Chromosome.
• I was able to see where the extra needed Lori crossover came in before finishing my detailed analysis.